When two cells in a house hold only the same two candidates, those two digits must go in those two cells. No other cell in the house can use them.
In Sudoku X the pair can sit on a diagonal, and then those digits are eliminated from the whole diagonal.
Worked examples
2 positions from real Sudoku X puzzles on this site, the familiar case first. Step through each one: the board lights what each step talks about, and the arrows show what rules what out.
A pair in a row
In row 4, look for two cells that hold the same two candidates between them.
A pair on a diagonal
Both cells of the pair are on the lit diagonal, so it is one of the houses the pair clears.
Where it fits
HardNaked Pair is a Hard technique: Hard Sudoku X puzzles are the first to need it.
The Classic Naked Pair lesson teaches it on a plain 9×9 board. The Sudoku X overview explains the rule and the levels.
Naked Pair in the other styles: Jigsaw, Thermo, Windoku, Arrow, Kropki.
Try it on a Hard Sudoku X puzzle. Next Step points it out when it is the move.